Nano­selenium functionalized chitosan gel beads for Hg(II) removal from apple juice.

The presence of potentially toxic elements and compounds poses threats to the quality and safety of fruit juices. Among these, Hg(II) is considered as one of the most poisonous heavy metals to human health. Traditional chitosan-based and selenide-based adsorbents face challenges such as poor adsorption capacity and inconvenient separation in juice applications. In this study, we prepared nano­selenium functionalized chitosan gel beads (nanoSe@CBs) and illustrated the synergistic promotions between chitosan and nanoSe in removing Hg(II) from apple juice. The preparation conditions, adsorption behaviors, and adsorption mechanism of nanoSe@CBs were systematically investigated. The results revealed that the adsorption process was primarily controlled by chemical adsorption. At the 0.1 % dosage, the adsorbent exhibited high uptake, and the maximum adsorption capacity from the Langmuir isotherm model could reach 376.5 mg/g at room temperature. The adsorbent maintained high adsorption efficiency (> 90 %) across a wide range of Hg(II) concentrations (0.01 to 10 mg/L) and was unaffected by organic acids present in apple juice. Additionally, nanoSe@CBs showed negligible effects on the quality of apple juice. Overall, nanoSe@CBs open up possibilities to be used as a safe, low-cost and highly-efficient adsorbent for the removal of Hg(II) from juices and other liquid foods.

Characterization, in vitro digestibility and release properties of starch-linoleic acid-sodium alginate composite film.

This study aimed to improve the complexing degree, digestibility and controlled release properties of the potato starch (PS)-linoleic acid (LA) complexes by encapsulating PS-LA complexes to sodium alginate (AG) beads. The results revealed that AG had a positive effect on the complexing index, R1047/1022 values, relative crystallinity, enthalpy and morphological structure of PS-LA-AG films, especially for PS-LA-AG film with the PS-LA: AG of 5:1. The in vitro digestion and hydrolysis kinetic analysis indicated that AG addition reduced the digestibility of PS-LA-AG films to a higher slowly digestible starch content and resistant starch content and a lower equilibrium hydrolysis percentage and kinetic constant. Furthermore, in vivo release study of PS-LA-AG films indicated a restrained release in simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Consequently, the results indicated that AG addition significantly improved the inclusion efficiency for the complex formation between PS and LA, which was beneficial for the design of resistant films to entrap and control release of unsaturated fatty.

High-fidelity fluorescent probes for visualizing the inhibitory behavior of selenium on cadmium uptake in rice.

Cadmium (Cd), a widespread and highly toxic environmental contaminant, has seriously impacted the growth of rice and the quality of its products. Hence, it is crucial to monitor and employ robust means to reduce Cd levels in rice, and selenium (Se) has been proven to chelate cadmium ion (Cd2+) in rice with rational use. Herein, for the first time, the reported selenocysteine (Sec) probe NN-Sec and the newly designed Cd2+ probe SCP were chosen as visualization tools to monitor Sec-inhibited Cd2+ uptake in rice. Specifically, reduced fluorescence of rice precultured with Cd2+ was observed by SCP after Se application, while similarly decreased fluorescence of rice pretreated with Se was observed by NN-Sec after Cd2+ addition. The diminished fluorescence indicated the formation of Cd-Se complexes reduced the Cd2+ content in rice. Additionally, it was Cd2+ and Se that entered the rice causing the fluorescence generation, as demonstrated by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). To conclude, the two probes successfully visualized Se inhibited Cd2+ uptake in rice, which could provide a robust tool for supporting the development of novel organic fertilizers and reagents to reduce Cd2+ content in rice and the environment.

Application of Pickering emulsions stabilized by corn, potato and pea starch nanoparticles: Effect of environmental conditions and approach for curcumin release.

To apply octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA)-modified corn, potato and pea starch nanoparticles (OCSNPs, OPtSNPs and OPSNPs, respectively) as Pickering emulsion stabilizers, effect of environmental conditions such as 30 days of storage period, pH of 1-11, ionic strength of 0.1-0.9 mol/L and heat of 30-90 °C on the stability of the emulsions was evaluated. Compared with emulsions stabilized by starch nanoparticles (SNPs), the emulsions stabilized by OSA-modified SNPs (OSNPs) kept stable against different environmental stresses (pH, ionic strength and heat) as well as for a storage period of 30 days, especially for OPtSNPs. Additionally, oiling-off was not observed in OSNPs emulsions over the storage time. OSNPs emulsions also showed improved protection on curcumin during storage and controlled release during in vitro digestion. These findings enlarged the application of OCSNPs, OPtSNPs and OPSNPs stabilized-Pickering emulsion in food systems and deliver system.

Proteins, polysaccharides and their derivatives as macromolecular antioxidant supplements: A review of in vitro screening methods and strategies.

Owing to the implications of oxidative stress in disease and ageing process, antioxidant research has been a research hotspot. Antioxidants are derived from among the active components of plant and animal extracts, including macromolecular proteins, peptides and polysaccharides, and some small molecule peptides, phenols and flavonoids, among others. Exogenous antioxidant supplementation is effective in combating oxidative stress and promoting recovery from diseases and disease-associated processes, such as inflammation, atherosclerosis, and neurodegeneration. In clinical studies, antioxidant supplementation has been shown to mitigate disease exacerbation. Therefore, screening of antioxidants and the active substances in natural biological macromolecules is crucial. In vitro studies of antioxidant properties represent the first step in screening. Selection of a suitable method to evaluate the properties of antioxidant substances from biological macromolecules sources is particularly important. However, a critique of existing methods for comparing the antioxidant activities of macromolecular antioxidants is lacking. The aim of this review is to provide a set of redox reaction-based methods and application strategies to evaluate the antioxidant properties of natural biological macromolecules components. The paper describes the mechanisms, advantages, disadvantages and applicability of different in vitro methods for assessing antioxidant properties. In particular, a set of strategies for screening antioxidant supplements are discussed.

Oryzanol Ameliorates DSS-Stimulated Gut Barrier Damage via Targeting the Gut Microbiota Accompanied by the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 Cascade Response In Vivo.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a global chronic disease with a long duration and repeated relapse. Currently, there is still a lack of effective approaches to prevent IBD. Food-derived oryzanol (ORY) possesses extensive biological activities, such as ameliorating bowel diseases, antioxidation, and antiobesity. However, the mechanism of ORY in preventing colitis remains unclear. The present research aims to explore the potential mechanism of ORY in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-stimulated colitis in a rat model. The results showed that the symptoms of colitis were significantly improved with the administration of ORY. Mechanismly, the expression levels of Zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), Claudin-1, Occludin, MUC2, and TFF3 were elevated through ORY treatment, suggesting that oral ORY relieved the degree of gut barrier damage of colitis rats. Meanwhile, 16S sequencing results found that ORY supplementation increased the abundances of Alloprevotella, Roseburia, Treponema, Muribaculaceae, and Ruminococcus, which are associated with the synthesis of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Moreover, GC-MS results confirmed that ORY supplementation reversed the DSS-induced reduction of acetic acid, butyric acid, and total acid. Further research indicated that ORY intervention downregulated the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway, which is closely linked to the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and colon injury. Taken together, ORY ameliorates DSS-stimulated gut barrier damage and inflammatory responses via the gut microbiota-TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling axis.

Laminarin ameliorates alcohol-induced liver damage and its molecular mechanism in mice.

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) has become a health issue globally. Laminarin, a low molecular weight marine-derived ß-glucan, has been identified with multiple biological activities. In this study, the ameliorative effect on ALD of laminarin isolated from brown algae was investigated. Phenotypic, pathological alterations and biochemical characteristics indicated that laminarin administration (100 mg/kg/day) significantly alleviated liver injury and improved liver function in the alcohol-induced mice. Gene chip results indicated that laminarin treatment caused 52 up-regulated and 13 down-regulated genes in the hepatic tissues of alcohol-induced damage mice, and most of these genes are associated with regulation of oxidative stress (such as CYP450/glutathione-dependent antioxidation), Wnt signaling pathway, retinol metabolism, and cAMP pathway based on GO and KEGG analysis. PPI network analysis indicated that the downstream target genes lied in the hub of the net. Our experiments also confirmed the changed expressions of some target genes. Taken together, these results suggest that laminarin can ameliorate alcohol-induced damage in mice and its molecular mechanism lies in modulating anti-oxidation pathway, WNT pathway, and cAMP pathway, which regulate the expressions of downstream target genes and alleviate alcohol-induced damage. Our study provides new clue to prevent alcohol-induced damage and will be benefit to develop functional foods. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This study verified the positive effect on alcoholic liver disease (ALD) of laminarin, a water-soluble brown algae-derived ß-glucan, linked by ß-(1,3) glycosidic bonds with ß-(1,6) branches. Laminarin significantly alleviated liver injury and improved liver function of ALD mice. Moreover, transcriptomics and bioinformatics analysis further revealed the gene expression patterns, hub targets, and signalings including CYP450/glutathione, Wnt, retinol metabolism, cAMP pathways regulated by laminarin. This research is the first evidence for hepatoprotective effect of laminarin against ALD and its molecular mechanism, which will be advantage to develop functional foods or adjuvant therapy of ALD.

Targeting lncRNA/Wnt axis by flavonoids: A promising therapeutic approach for colorectal cancer.

Despite the dramatic advances in our understanding of the etiology of colorectal cancer (CRC) in recent decades, effective therapeutic strategies are still urgently needed. Oncogenic mutations in the Wnt/ß-Catenin pathway are hallmarks of CRC. Moreover, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as molecular managers are involved in the initiation, progression, and metastasis of CRC. Therefore, it is important to further explore the interaction between lncRNAs and Wnt/ß-Catenin signaling pathway for targeted therapy of CRC. Natural phytochemicals have not toxicity and can target carcinogenesis-related pathways. Growing evidences suggest that flavonoids are inversely associated with CRC risk. These bioactive compounds could target carcinogenesis pathways of CRC and reduced the side effects of anti-cancer drugs. The review systematically summarized the progress of flavonoids targeting lncRNA/Wnt axis in the investigations of CRC, which will provide a promising therapeutic approach for CRC and develop nutrition-oriented preventive strategies for CRC based on epigenetic mechanisms. In the field, more epidemiological and clinical trials are required in the future to verify feasibility of targeting lncRNA/Wnt axis by flavonoids in the therapy and prevention of CRC.

Nutrition Interventions of Herbal Compounds on Cellular Senescence.

When cells undergo large-scale senescence, organ aging ensues, resulting in irreversible organ pathology and organismal aging. The study of senescence in cells provides an important avenue to understand the factors that influence aging and can be used as one of the useful tools for examining age-related human diseases. At present, many herbal compounds have shown effects on delaying cell senescence. This review summarizes the main characteristics and mechanisms of cell senescence, age-related diseases, and the recent progress on the natural products targeting cellular senescence, with the aim of providing insights to aid the clinical management of age-related diseases.

Oryzanol Attenuates High Fat and Cholesterol Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemia by Regulating the Gut Microbiome and Amino Acid Metabolism.

Hyperlipidemia is intricately associated with the dysregulation of gut microbiota and host metabolomes. This study explored the antihyperlipidemic function of oryzanol and investigated whether the function of oryzanol affected the gut microbiome and its related metabolites. Hamsters were fed a standard diet (Control) and a high fat and cholesterol (HFCD) diet with or without oryzanol, separately. Our results showed that oryzanol significantly decreased HFCD-induced fat accumulation, serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), LDL-c/HDL-c ratio, triglyceride, and liver steatohepatitis, attenuated HFCD-induced gut microbiota alterations, and altered amino acid concentrations in feces and the liver. We investigated the role of the gut microbiota in the observed beneficial effects; the protective effects of oryzanol were partly diminished by suppressing the gut bacteria of hamsters after using antibiotics. A fecal microbiota transplantation experiment was carried out by transplanting the feces from HFCD group hamsters or hamsters given oryzanol supplementation (as a donor hamster). Our results showed that administering the fecal liquid from oryzanol-treated hamsters attenuated HFCD-induced hyperlipidemia, significantly decreased the abundance of norank_f__Erysipelotrichaceae, norank_f__Eubacteriaceae, and norank_f__Oscillospiraceae and the concentration of tyrosine. These outcomes are significantly positively correlated with serum lipid concentration. This study illustrated that gut microbiota is the target of oryzanol in the antihyperlipidemic effect.

Oryzanol alleviates high fat and cholesterol diet-induced hypercholesterolemia associated with the modulation of the gut microbiota in hamsters.

A high fat and cholesterol diet (HFCD) can modulate the gut microbiota, which is closely related with hypercholesterolemia. This study aimed to explore the anti-hypercholesterolemia effect of oryzanol, and investigate whether the function of oryzanol is associated with the gut microbiota and related metabolites. 16S rRNA and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry were applied for the gut microbiota and untargeted metabolomics, respectively. The results showed that HFCD significantly upregulated body fat accumulation and serum lipids, including triglyceride, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and ratio of LDL-c/HDL-c, which induced hypercholesterolemia. Oryzanol supplementation decreased body fat accumulation and serum lipids, especially the LDL-c concentration and LDL-c/HDL-c ratio. In addition, the abundances of Desulfovibrio, Colidextribacter, norank_f__Oscillospiraceae, unclassified_f__Erysipelotrichaceae, unclassified_f__Oscillospiraceae, norank_f__Peptococcaceae, Oscillibacter, Bilophila and Harryflintia were increased and the abundance of norank_f__Muribaculaceae was decreased in HFCD-induced hyperlipidemia hamsters. Metabolites were changed after HFCD treatment and 9 differential metabolites belonged to bile acids and 8 differential metabolites belonged to amino acids. Those genera and metabolites were significantly associated with serum lipids. HFCD also disrupted the intestinal barrier. Oryzanol supplementation reversed the changes of the gut microbiota and metabolites, and intestinal barrier injury was also partly relieved. This suggests that oryzanol supplementation modulating the gut microbiota contributes to its anti-hyperlipidemia function, especially anti-hypercholesterolemia.

The rice bran peptide KF-8 extends the lifespan and improves the healthspan of Caenorhabditis elegans via skn-1 and daf-16.

With the increased aging of the population, the extension of lifespan and the improvement of healthspan have become important. Our previous studies showed that the rice bran peptide KF-8 exerts an antioxidant effect in cells and mice. In this study, we evaluated the effects of KF-8 on the healthspan and lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans. We found that KF-8 prolonged the life of nematodes and showed no reproductive toxicity towards nematodes. In addition, KF-8 improved the motility of nematodes and resulted in an extended body length. Using hydrogen peroxide and juglone as stress inducers, we found that KF-8 improved the anti-stress ability of nematodes. In addition, KF-8 upregulated the expressions of skn-1, daf-16 and antioxidant genes. In addition, the life-prolonging effect of KF-8 was lost in skn-1 mutant strains and daf-16 mutant strains, indicating that KF-8 may exert anti-aging effects through skn-1 and daf-16.

High animal protein diet and gut microbiota in human health.

The role of the intestinal flora in health and disease has become a research hotspot. Compared with carbohydrates and fats, proteins are metabolized primarily by microbial fermentation in the intestine. The production of protein fermentation products and metabolites depends on the composition, diversity, and metabolism of the gut microbiota. Several protein fermentation products, including indoles, phenols, polyamines, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), amines, and carnitine, are toxic. This study analyzes the relationship between high-protein diets (HPDs), the intestinal microbiota, and human health and disease. Long-term HPDs increase the risk of intestinal diseases, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), obesity, central nervous system (CNS) diseases, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) by producing toxic metabolites in the colon, including amines, H2S, and ammonia. Short-term HPDs have little effect on the metabolism of healthy individuals under 65 years old. However, meeting the protein requirements of individuals over 65 years old using HPDs is more challenging. The adverse effects of HPDs on athletes are minimal. Natural compounds (plant extracts, whose main constituents are polysaccharides and polyphenols), prebiotics, probiotics, and regular physical exercise improve gut dysbiosis and reduce disease risk.

Cross-kingdom regulation by dietary plant miRNAs: an evidence-based review with recent updates.

As non-coding RNA molecules, microRNAs (miRNAs) are widely known for their critical role in gene regulation. Recent studies have shown that plant miRNAs obtained through dietary oral administration can survive in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, enter the circulatory system and regulate endogenous mRNAs. Diet-derived plant miRNAs have 2'-O-methylated modified 3'ends and high cytosine and guanine (GC) content, as well as exosomal packaging, which gives them high stability even in the harsh environment of the digestive system and circulatory system. The latest evidence shows that dietary plant miRNAs can not only be absorbed in the intestine, but also be absorbed and packaged by gastric epithelial cells and then secreted into the circulatory system. Alternatively, these biologically active plant-derived miRNAs may also affect the health of the host by affecting the function of the microbiome, while not need to be taken into the host's circulatory system and transferred to remote tissues. This cross-kingdom regulation of miRNAs gives us hope for exploring their therapeutic potential and as dietary supplements. However, doubts have also been raised about the cross-border regulation of miRNAs, suggesting that technical flaws in the experiments may have led to this hypothesis. In this article, we summarize the visibility of dietary plant miRNAs in the development of human health and recent research data on their use in therapeutics. The regulation of plant miRNAs across kingdoms is a novel concept. Continued efforts in this area will broaden our understanding of the biological role of plant miRNAs and will open the way for the development of new approaches to prevent or treat human diseases.

Bioactive Peptide F2d Isolated from Rice Residue Exerts Antioxidant Effects via Nrf2 Signaling Pathway.

Studies have shown that the peroxidation caused by oxygen free radicals is an important reason of vascular endothelial dysfunction and multiple diseases. In this study, active peptides (F2ds) were isolated from the fermentation product of rice dregs and its antioxidant effects were approved. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) stimulated by H2O2 were used to evaluate the antioxidation effect and its molecular mechanism in the oxidative stress model. F2d protected H2O2-induced damage in HUVECs in a dosage-dependent manner. F2d can reduce the expression of Keap1, promote the expression of Nrf2, and activate the downstream target HO-1, NQO1, etc. It means F2d can modulate the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Using Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 to block the Nrf2 activation, the protective function of F2d is partially lost in the damage model. Our results indicated that F2d isolated from rice exerts antioxidant effects via the Nrf2 signaling pathway in H2O2-induced damage, and the work will benefit to develop functional foods.

Triton X-100 supplementation regulates growth and secondary metabolite biosynthesis during in-depth extractive fermentation of Monascus purpureus.

Extractive fermentation has been proven to be efficient in enhancing the secretion and production of secondary metabolites in submerged fermentation by Monascus spp., owing to increased cell membrane permeability and resolved product inhibition. In this study, we investigated the regulation effect of Triton X-100 on cell growth and secondary metabolite biosynthesis in submerged fermentation of M. purpureus DK. The results show that the maximum monascus pigments (MPs), citrinin (CIT) production, and specific growth rate are 136.86 U/mL, 4.57 mg/L, and 0.04 h-1, respectively, when 3 g/L of Triton X-100 is supplemented after fermentation for 10 d, and the extracellular MPs and CIT increased by 127.48% and 288.57%, respectively. RT-qPCR shows that the expression levels of MPs and CIT biosynthesis gene clusters are significantly upregulated, whereas those of glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, respiratory chains, and ATP synthase are downregulated. This study provides a vital strategy for extractive fermentation under extreme environmental conditions for further enhancing MP production.

Understanding the aggregation structure, digestive and rheological properties of corn, potato, and pea starches modified by ultrasonic frequency.

Corn starch (CS), potato starch (PtS), and pea starch (PS) were modified by ultrasonic frequency (codes as UFCS, UFPtS and UFPS), and changes in aggregation structure, digestibility and rheology were investigated. For UFCS, the apparent amylose content and gelatinization enthalpy (∆H) decreased, while the R1047/1022 values and relative crystallinity (RC) increased under lower ultrasonic frequencies (20 kHz and 25 kHz). For UFPtS, the apparent amylose content, R1047/1022 values and RC increased, while the ∆H decreased under a higher ultrasonic frequency (28 kHz). For UFPS, the apparent amylose content, R1047/1022 values, RC, ∆H decreased at 20 kHz, 25 kHz and 28 kHz. Cracks were observed on the surface of UFCS, UFPtS and UFPS. These aggregation structure changes increased the resistant starch content to 31.11% (20 kHz) and 26.45% (25 kHz) for UFCS and to 39.68% (28 kHz) for UFPtS, but decreased the resistant starch content to 18.46% (28 kHz) for UFPS. Consistency coefficient, storage modulus, and loss modulus of UFCS, UFPtS and UFPS increased, while the flow behavior index and damping factor decreased. Results indicated that CS, PtS and PS had diverse digestion and rheology behaviors after ultrasonic frequency modification, which fulfilled different demands in starch-based products.

Dietary Supplementation of Octacosanol Improves Exercise-Induced Fatigue and Its Molecular Mechanism.

Several publications report that octacosanol (OCT) has different biological functions. This study was designed to evaluate the antifatigue effect and molecular mechanism of octacosanol (200 mg/(kg day)) in forced exercise-induced fatigue models of trained male C57BL/6 mice. Results showed that octacosanol ameliorated the mice's autonomic activities, forelimb grip strength, and swimming endurance, and the levels of liver glycogen (LG), muscle glycogen (MG), blood lactic acid (BLA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were also regulated. Gene analysis results showed that treatment with OCT upregulated 29 genes, while 38 genes were downregulated in gastrocnemius tissue. Gene ontology (GO) analyses indicated that these genes enriched functions in relation to myofibril, contractile fiber, and calcium-dependent adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) activity. Octacosanol supplementation significantly adjusted the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression levels related to fatigue performance. Octacosanol has an observably mitigating effect in exercise-induced fatigue models, and its molecular mechanism may be related to the regulation of tripartite motif-containing 63 (Trim63), periaxin (Prx), calcium voltage-gated channel subunit α1 H (Cacna1h), and myosin-binding protein C (Mybpc3) expression.

Changes in structural, digestive, and rheological properties of corn, potato, and pea starches as influenced by different ultrasonic treatments.

Ultrasound was widely used in starch modification, whereas there was no review focusing on the effects of different ultrasonic treatments on A-, B- and C-type starches. In this study, the effects of ultrasonic power (UP, 100-600 W) and ultrasonic time (UT, 5-35 min) on structural, digestibility and rheology of corn starch (CS), potato starch (PtS), and pea starch (PS) were investigated. As a result, UP and UT decreased the apparent amylose content of CS and PS, while increased the apparent amylose content of PtS. UP and UT enhanced R1047/1022 values of CS, whereas those of PtS and PS were decreased. Moreover, UP and UT decreased the gelatinization enthalpy of CS, PtS and PS. In vitro digestion revealed that UP and UT decreased the resistant starch content of PtS and PS, but increased the resistant starch content of CS. Rheological tests indicated that UP and UT decreased the flow behavior index of CS, PtS and PS pastes, and caused an increase in storage modulus and loss modulus. Results revealed that ultrasonic treatment represented a promising technology to obtain CS, PtS and PS with tailored digestibility and rheology, which allowed the texture and glycemic response of starch-based products to be adjusted.

Structural changes of A-, B- and C-type starches of corn, potato and pea as influenced by sonication temperature and their relationships with digestibility.

The effect of sonication temperature on the structures and digestion behaviour of corn starch (CS, A-type), potato starch (PtS, B-type), and pea starch (PS, C-type) was investigated. For CS, sonication temperature resulted in a rough surface, decreased apparent amylose content, gelatinization enthalpy and gelatinization degree, increased short-range orders, long-range orders, retrogradation degree and resistant starch content. For PtS, sonication temperature led to a coarser surface with scratches, increased apparent amylose content and gelatinization degree, decreased short-range orders, long-range orders, gelatinization enthalpy, retrogradation degree, and resistant starch content. For PS, sonication temperature showed partial disintegration on surface, increased gelatinization degree, decreased apparent amylose content, short-range orders, long-range orders, gelatinization enthalpy, retrogradation degree and resistant starch content. This study suggested that starch digestion features could be controlled by the crystalline pattern of starch used and the extent of sonication temperature, and thus were of value for rational control of starch digestion features.